Eogogics

Digital Modulation Overview

• Introduction to key wireless standards
• IS-95,  GSM
• Multiple access principles (TDMA, CDMA, FDMA, SDMA)
• Complex envelope representation of signals and systems
• Bridge relationship to actual hardware
• Provide mathematical insight
• Support computer simulation
• Stochastic theory review
• Digital modulation theory
• BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, MSK, GMSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, etc.,
• Pulse shaping filter selection (Nyquist and Raised Cosine filtering)
• Nonlinear amplification (spectral regrowth)
• Migration path and reasoning behind choices available
• Spread spectrum: Frequency Hopping, Direct Sequence CDMA, RAKE receiver, IS-95 CDMA uplink and downlink example, receiver block diagram
• System metrics:  BER, SNR, Eb/No definitions

Radio Propagation Characterization

• AWGN channel
• Rayleigh/Rician multipath fading
• Mathematical background
• Practical explanation
• Delay spread concept (flat vs. frequency selective fading)
• Indoor and outdoor propagation measurements
• Delay spread and coherence bandwidth (outdoor and indoor)
• Log normal shadowing
• Path loss models (Free Space, Hata, Cost231, Walfish-Bertoni, etc.)
• Micro/Macro cell measurements
• Comparison of worldwide measurements.
• Man-made interference
• Co-Channel interference (CCI)
• Adjacent Channel interference (ACI)
• Correlation of frequency and time
• Simulating multipath fading channels : Jakes, LPF-ing, etc.

Performance Improvement Techniques

• Forward Error Correction (FEC)
• Block (linear codes, encoder, syndrome decoding)
• Convolutional (trellis  diagram, Viterbi algorithm, punctured coding)
• Turbo (encoder and decoder)
• Interleaver/de-interleaver - advantages and disadvantages
• Antenna receiver diversity techniques : Switching, Equal Gain, Maximal Ratio, Optimal Combining
• Theoretical SNR improvement
• Expected BER performance
• Antenna transmit diversity techniques:  Space Time Block Codes, Closed Loop Antenna Arrays, MIMO

CDMA2000 System Components (Building Blocks)

• System goals (latency, throughput, etc.)
• CDMA200 Release A, B and C overview
• Mobile Station State Definition
• CDMA 1xRTT physical channels (UL and DL)
• Logical channels (UL and DL)
• Protocol overview (Layer 1 - PHY, Layer 2- MAC, Layer 3- RLC functions)
• 1xEV-DO Release A, B and C overview
• 1xEV-DO physical channels
• Access Terminal State Definition
• 1xEV-DO logical channels
• PN sequences discussion: m sequences, Gold codes, Walsh
• Spreader and despreader (Complex and Quadrature)
• RAKE receiver

CDMA2000 System Scenarios

• Echo profile manager (searcher)
• PN time tracking and acquisition
• Paging discussion
• Power control
• Uplink and downlink
• Comparison to IS-95
• Multi-user scenarios
• Pilot symbol aided coherent detection
• Channel estimation
• QPSK vs. BPSK pilot symbols
• Variable processing gain
• Cell search and handoffs
• Channel assignment
• Traffic channel and radio configurations
• UL/DL performance
• Available data rates
• Multicode transmission
• Receiver implications
• Network architecture (BTS, BSC, CN)
• Migration from circuit-switched to packet based systems
• Comparison with WCDMA system scenarios

3GPP WCDMA System Components (Building Blocks)

• System goals (latency, throughput, etc.)
• 3GPP Release Overview (Release 99 to Release 8 features)
• WCDMA physical channels
• UE state definitions
• WCDMA logical channels
• WCDMA protocol overview (Layer1-PHY, Layer2-MAC, Layer3-RLC functions)
• High-speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) overview
• HSDPA physical channels
• High-speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) overview
• HSUPA physical channels
• PN sequences discussion: m sequences, Gold codes, OVSF
• Spreader and despreader
• RAKE receiver: Overall block diagram discussion
• RAKE receiver: Signal processing
• Channel estimation (multi-slot averaging)
• PN code time tracking (DLL, TDL)
• AFC (two types)
• AGC
• DC offset
• Modulation comparison
• Searcher and finger management

3GPP WCDMA  System Scenarios

• Echo profile manager (searcher)
• PN time tracking and acquisition
• SIR power control
• Inner, Outer, and Closed Loop
• UL and DL Closed Loop comparison
• Performance improvement
• Multi-user scenario
• Pilot symbol aided coherent detection
• Channel estimation
• QPSK vs. BPSK pilot symbols
• Rate matching
• Variable processing gain
• Modulation (HPSK) and filtering
• Cell search and handoffs
• Intra-frequency measurements
• Paging discussion
• Comparison of IS-95, CDMA2000 and WCDMA paging protocols
• Power consumption conclusion
• Channel assignment
• Call flow diagrams
• Mobile originated
• Mobile terminated
• HSDPA performance results
• Available data rates
• Multicode transmission
• Receiver implications
• Performance
• Network architecture (NodeB, Radio Network Controller - RNC, Core Network -CN)
• Partitioning of protocol stack across network
• Access Stratum (AS) and Non-Access Stratum (NAS)
• Migration from circuit-switched to packet based systems
• What needs to change on the 3G systems to support this migration?
• Comparison with CDMA2000 system scenarios
• System architecture
• Ciphering examples
• Integrity protection
• Confidentiality
• WCDMA and HSDPA examples

Link Budget and System Capacity Examples

• Link budget methodology
• Link budget equations
• Rise over Thermal calculations
• Example for indoors and outdoors (Excel spreadsheets)
• Cell capacity example
• Targeted frequency bands

Course Wrap-up: Recap and Discussion